Modeling Neurological Disease by Rapid Conversion of Human Urine Cells into Functional Neurons

Figure 2

Generation of neurons from human urine cells. (a) Schematic protocol for conversion of urinary cells into neurons. (b) Twelve days after induction, urine derived-iN cells showed neuronal morphologies. And the urine-iN cells expressed both Tuj1 and MAP2. (c) Without the induction of DOX, the urine cells could not change into neuron cells (upper panel). In the presence of DOX, the DOX induced transcriptional factors (Ascl1, Brn2, NeuroD, c-Myc, and Myt1l) convert urine cells into neuron directly (lower panel). Scale bars, 50 µm.

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