Research Article

Genetic Comparison of Stemness of Human Umbilical Cord and Dental Pulp

Table 2

Representative differentially expressed genes with higher expression levels in umbilical cord than in dental pulp tissue.

Functional categoryGene symbolBiological processAccession numberAbsolute fold change

Embryonic developmentDLK1Embryonic skeletal system developmentNM_00383656.86
DKK1Embryonic limb morphogenesisNM_01224244.51
SCELEpidermis development, embryo developmentNM_14477733.26
TBX18Morphogenesis of embryonic epitheliumNM_00108050815.66
HOXD10Embryonic skeletal system morphogenesisNM_00214812.03
TBX20Embryonic heart tube developmentNM_00107765311.71
HOXC10Embryonic limb morphogenesisNM_0174098.70
HOXC6Embryonic skeletal system developmentNM_0045037.22
HAND2In utero embryonic developmentNM_0219736.54
HOXA6Embryonic skeletal system morphogenesisNM_0240145.50
EDN1In utero embryonic developmentNM_0019555.35
WNT4Embryonic epithelial tube formationNM_0307614.31
GATA6In utero embryonic developmentNM_0052574.17
TGFB1I1Morphogenesis of embryonic epitheliumNM_0010424544.13
TGFB3In utero embryonic developmentNM_0032393.85
SOX5In utero embryonic developmentNM_1529893.70

Developmental processDESCytoskeleton organizationNM_00192766.18
KRT6AEctoderm developmentNM_00555427.69
KRT5Epidermis developmentNM_00042422.73
KRT13Epidermis development, tongue morphogenesisNM_15349022.53
COL12A1Skeletal system development, collagen fibril organizationNM_00437017.87
DKK2Multicellular organismal developmentNM_01442112.63
TAGLNMuscle organ developmentNM_00100152211.91
KRT8Cytoskeleton organizationNM_00227311.04
KRT14Epidermis developmentNM_0005269.01
OSTNOssification, multicellular organismal developmentNM_1981848.22
MCAMAnatomical structure morphogenesisNM_0065007.22
IGF2BP3Anatomical structure morphogenesisNM_0065477.10
ADAM19Fertilization, muscle development, neurogenesisNM_0332746.41
MGPCartilage condensation, ossificationNM_0011908395.70
DMDMuscle organ development, skeletal muscle tissue developmentNM_0001095.22
PITX2Multicellular organismal developmentNM_1534264.79

Physiological processACTG2Muscle contractionNM_001615115.24
HBG1TransportNM_000559101.65
PLNCellular calcium ion homeostasis, blood circulationNM_00266771.69
CNN1Regulation of smooth muscle contractionNM_00129966.37
HBBRegulation of blood pressure, oxygen transportNM_00051838.48
FGF10AngiogenesisNM_00446531.24
COL8A1AngiogenesisNM_00185012.02
AHSPHemoglobin metabolic process, hematopoiesisNM_0166337.18
FGF9Angiogenesis, osteoblast differentiationNM_0020105.07
PDGFAAngiogenesis, response to hypoxiaNM_0026075.00
ELNRespiratory gaseous exchange, blood circulationNM_0005014.75
EGFAngiogenesis, positive regulation of cell proliferationNM_0019634.30
IL18Angiogenesis, response to hypoxiaNM_0015623.85
VEGFAAngiogenesis, ovarian follicle developmentNM_0010253663.16

Signal transduction and regulationPRLRCell surface receptor linked signaling pathwayNM_00094990.61
RASSF3Signal transductionNM_17816912.27
RERGGTPase mediated signal transductionNM_03291811.98
STC2Cell surface receptor linked signaling pathwayNM_00371411.37
CD244Signal transductionNM_0163828.83
ASPNNegative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayNM_0176808.20
LPHN3G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathwayNM_0152367.72
SPSB1Intracellular signaling pathwayNM_0251066.87
ALCAMSignal transduction, motor axon guidanceNM_0016273.96

Cell regulation and proliferationUPK1BEpithelial cell differentiationNM_00695245.66
MYOCDCardiac cell differentiationNM_00114631240.32
EGFL6Cell differentiationNM_01550711.94
PODNNegative regulation of cell proliferationNM_1537039.96
FASPositive regulation of necrotic cell deathNM_0000439.34
KRT4Epithelial cell differentiation, negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferationNM_0022726.52
IGFBP7Regulation of cell growthNM_0015536.01
HEMGNCell differentiation, regulation of osteoblast differentiationNM_0184375.70
CDH1Trophectodermal cell differentiationNM_0043605.44
DPTCell adhesion, negative regulation of cell proliferationNM_0019375.13

Cytokine, chemokine, and immune responseIL1RL1Immune responseNM_01623236.22
S100A8Chemotaxis, inflammatory responseNM_00296426.48
DPP4Regulation of T cell mediated immunityNM_00193518.16
ITGB6Inflammatory responseNM_00088815.01
IGF2BP1Regulation of cytokine biosynthetic processNM_0065469.59
LY96Inflammatory response, cellular defense responseNM_0153648.40
CCRL1Chemotaxis, immune responseNM_1784457.81
ANLNCytokinesisNM_0186857.60
CMKLR1Chemotaxis, immune responseNM_0011423437.41
CD97Inflammatory response, immune responseNM_0784816.96
CXCL1Chemotaxis, inflammatory response, immune responseNM_0015115.54
IL33Positive regulation of macrophage activationNM_0334395.29
CXCR1Chemotaxis, inflammatory responseNM_0006343.48
CXCL6Chemotaxis, inflammatory responseNM_0029933.07