Review Article
Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells Strategy for Cardiovascular Diseases
Table 1
Application of stem cells for therapy of CVDs.
| Disease model | Stem cell type | Delivery route | Dose and follow-up duration | Outcomes | Reference |
| Rat MI | ESC-CMs | Intramyocardial transfer | 1.5 × 106 8 weeks | Observation of grafted cardiomyocytes survival, proliferation, maturation, alignment, and forming gap junctions with host cardiac tissue | [17] |
| Mouse MI | ESC-ECs | Intramyocardial transfer | 1 × 106 8 weeks | Appropriate patterns of endothelial gene expression, functional vessels formation in vivo, and cardiac function improvement | [18] |
| Mouse DCM | UCB-MSCs | Intramyocardial transfer | 1.5 × 106 4 weeks | Improvement of cardiac function by antiapoptosis, anti-inflammation, and proangiogenesis | [19] |
| Mouse cellular cardiomyoplasty | BM-MSCs | Intramyocardial transfer | 5–10 × 106 4–8 weeks | Engrafted hMSCs from adult BM in the myocardium to differentiate into cardiomyocytes | [20] |
| Mouse MI | iPSCs | Intramyocardial transfer | 1 × 105 2 weeks | Improved iPSCs maintenance through improved function and cell proliferation in infarcted myocardium | [21] |
| Mouse MI | iPSC-CPCs | Intramyocardial transfer | 2 × 105 2–4 weeks | Exertion of protective effect on LV remodeling by paracrine effects through enhanced angiogenesis and augmented networking in the infarcted milieu | [22] |
| Rat MI | EPSs | Intramyocardial transfer | 1 × 106 7 weeks | Increase of regional wall motion and decrease of ventricular dimension in left ventricle | [23] |
| Rat MI | CSCs | Intramyocardial transfer | 5 × 106 2–4 weeks | Reduction of ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and infracted size of the left ventricle | [24] |
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BM: bone marrow; CMs: cardiomyocytes; CPCs: cardiovascular progenitor cells; CSCs: cardiac stem cells; DCM: dilated cardiomyopathy; ECs: endothelial cells; EPCs: endothelial progenitor cells; ESC: embryonic stem cell; h: human; iPSC: induced pluripotent stem cell; MI: myocardial infarction; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; and UCB: umbilical cord blood.
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