Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Kidney Disease: A Review of Clinical Evidence

Figure 1

Sources of MSC used in experimental models of renal injury. Preclinical studies have shown that MSC used to treat renal diseases can be isolated from the following tissues: (A) tooth pulp, (B) kidney, (C) adipose tissue, (D) umbilical cord, (E) amniotic fluid, and (F) bone marrow.