The Androgen Receptor Bridges Stem Cell-Associated Signaling Nodes in Prostate Stem Cells

Table 1

The effect of androgens and/or AR expression on stem cell populations.

Stem cell type	Effect of AR/androgen	Effect of AR inhibition	References
Embryonic stem cell	Cardiomyocyte differentiation	Enhanced self-renewal; Increased proliferation	[7–9]
Haematopoietic stem cell	Erythropoiesis; Neutrophil differentiation	Expansion of MEPs; Neutropenia	[116–119]
Mesenchymal stem cell	Reduced self-renewal; Myogenic differentiation	Enhanced self-renewal; Enhanced migratory ability	[120–123]
	Osteogenic differentiation
Neural stem cell	Decreased proliferation	Increased proliferation	[124]
Prostate stem cell	Prostate epithelial differentiation	Enhanced self-renewal	[15, 31]
Prostate CSC	Reduced self-renewal	Enhanced self-renewal; Expansion of CSC pool	[40, 43]

AR, androgen receptor; CSC, cancer stem cell; MEP, megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor.