Human iPSC for Therapeutic Approaches to the Nervous System: Present and Future Applications

Figure 4

Personalized medicine using patient-specific iPSC. Diagrammatic summary of reprogramming patient-specific cells into footprint-free hiPSC, engineering their DNA to carry proapoptotic genes, differentiating them into astrocytes, and reimplanting them at the time of surgery for brain tumor recurrence. (a) Dermal fibroblast cells obtained from patient. (b) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) added to cells, which turns them into stem cells. (c) Tumor cells killer gene added to stem cells. (d) Engineered cells cloned. (e) Engineered cells transformed to brain cells, astrocytes, and implanted back in the same patient at the time of surgical resection for recurrent tumor.