The Importance of Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination in Cellular Reprogramming

Figure 1

The ubiquitin proteasome system. The process of ubiquitination is catalyzed by an organized milieu of E1, E2, and E3 enzymes, which promote the ligation of a ubiquitin molecule to the lysine residues in the protein substrates. Lysine-48-linked polyubiquitination chain attached proteins are targeted to the 26S proteasome for protein degradation. DUB enzymes are involved in reversing ubiquitin conjugation and in the recycling of ubiquitin molecules through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway.