Stem Cell Therapy for Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence: The Current Status and Challenges

Figure 3

The challenges of stem cells in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. There are many challenges for stem cells in clinical treatment of SUI, the following facts were shown: (a) an important step to determine the optimal dose and delivery route of stem cells transplantation; (b) how to maintain or promote the ability of proliferation and differentiation of implanted stem cells; (c) the injected stem cells’ tendency to gather around the injection site and how to form a uniform cell distribution after stem cell injection; (d) stem cells implantation having the risk of neoplastic transformation and how to avoid the possible abnormal differentiation, even neoplastic transformation, after stem cells injection; (e) peripheral nerve regeneration after stem cell transplantation; (f) better animal models that mirror the chronic process of SUI which should be used in preclinical experiments.