Control of Cross Talk between Angiogenesis and Inflammation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases

Table 1

Experiments of MSCs in ocular surface diseases.

Diseases	Experimental outcomes	The mechanisms	Factors	References
Chemical injury	Reduce corneal opacity	Reduce inflammation and neovascularization	↑ TSG-6	[48]
Chemical injury	Protect the corneal surface	Reduce inflammation and neovascularization; Reduce CD4+ cells infiltration	↑ IL-10, IL-6, TSP-1, and TGF-β1; ↓ IL-2, IFN-γ, and MMP-2	[63]
Alkali burn	Improve wound healing	Enhance the recovery of corneal epithelium; Decrease the CNV area	↓ MIP-1α,; TNF-α, and VEGF	[62]
Chemical burn	Restructure damaged corneal surface	Inhibit inflammation and angiogenesis	↓ IL-2 and MMP-2	[71]
Chemical burn	Affect profiling of IL-17-secreting cells	Mainly modulate non-Th17 cells and partially suppress Th17 cells	↓ IL-17	[73]
Corneal allotransplantation	Prolong grafts survival	Inhibit immune response; Suppress early inflammation; Reduce the activation of APCs	↑ TSG-6	[52]
Corneal allotransplantation	Prolong grafts survival	Prevent T-cells response; Regulate the balance of Th1/Th2 to Th2; Increase CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg	↑ IL-10 and IL-4; ↓ IL-2 and IFN-γ	[53]
Corneal allotransplantation	Prolong grafts survival	Reduce NK cells infiltration; Increase CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg; Suppress peripheral immune response; Promote an immunoregulatory milieu	↓ IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ	[54]
DES	Protect ocular surface	Reduce the CD4+ T cells		[55]
Dry eye secondary to chronic GVHD	Reduce clinical symptoms and improve dry eye scores	Increase the CD8+CD28− T cells; Regulate the balance of Th1/Th2 to Th2		[56]

TSG-6: TNF-α-stimulated gene/protein 6; MMP: metal matrix proteinase; CNV: cornea new vessel; TSP-1: thrombospondin-1; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; MIP-1α: macrophage inflammatory protein-1α; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; VEGF: vascular epithelial growth factor; DES: dry eye syndrome; GVHD: graft-versus-host disease; APCs: antigen-presenting cells.