Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Cardiovascular Disease

Table 1

Smoking and EPCs.

Study	Population	Effect on EPCs number
Vasa et al. [8]	CAD	↓ CD34+/KDR+
Hill et al. [9]	CVR	NE
Yue et al. [31]	CAD	↓ CD34/KDR+; ↓ CD133+/KDR+
Werner et al. [25]	CVD	↑ CD34+/KDR+; ↓ CFU-EC
Kondo et al. [33]	NACVR	↓ CD45 low/CD34+/CD133+/KDR+
Michaud et al. [34]	NACVR	↓ EPCs
Mandraffino et al. [38]	NACVR	↓ CD34+, CD133+, CD34+/CD133+, CD34+/KDR+, CD133+/KDR+
Mobarrez et al. [32]	Healthy	↓ CD34+/KDR+
Roncalli et al. [39]	AMI	↓ CD45+/CD34+/CD133+/KDR+
Lamirault et al. [40]	AMI	↓ EPCs

NE: no effect, CVR: cardiovascular risk, NACVR: no-additional CVR, CAD: coronary artery disease, CVD: cardiovascular disease, and AMI: acute myocardial infarction.