|
| Cell type | Study | Culture method | Programme of developmental cues for neural conversion and patterning | Duration (days) |
|
| Cortical precursors | Watanabe et al. 2007 [44] | Serum-free embryoid body-like (SFEB) | BMP antagonist (BMPRIA-Fc)
Activin/Nodal antagonist (LeftyA)
Wnt antagonist (Dkk1) | 35 |
|
| Cortical neurons | Eiraku et al. 2008 [45] | SFEB derivative | BMP antagonist (BMPRIA-Fc)
Activin/Nodal antagonist (LeftyA)
Wnt antagonist (Dkk1) | 45–60 |
|
| Cortical neurons | Chambers et al. 2009 [16] | Monolayer | BMP antagonist (NOGGIN)
Activin/Nodal antagonist (SB431542) | 19 |
|
| Cortical neurons and MGE/LGE neurons | Li et al. 2009 [47] | Suspension | None for cortical (endogenous Wnt)
For MGE and LGE derivatives:
Wnt antagonist (Dkk1)
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) | 30–35 |
|
| Cortical neurons | Shi et al. 2012 [46] | Monolayer | BMP antagonist (NOGGIN)
Activin/Nodal antagonist (SB431542) | 80–100 |
|
| Midbrain dopaminergic neurons |
Kriks et al. 2011 [50] | Monolayer | BMP antagonist (NOGGIN or LDN)
Activin/Nodal antagonist (SB431542)
Sonic hedgehog (SHH and purmorphamine),
Fibroblast Growth Factor 8b (FGF8b),
Wnt agonist (CHIR99021) | 80 |
|
| Midbrain dopaminergic neurons | Kirkeby et al. 2012 [48] | Embryoid body | BMP antagonist (NOGGIN)
Activin/Nodal antagonist (SB431542)
Wnt agonist (CT99021)
Sonic hedgehog (SHH-C24II) | 35 |
|
| Midbrain dopaminergic neurons | Jaeger et al. 2011 [52] | Monolayer | BMP antagonist (NOGGIN)
Activin/Nodal antagonist (SB431542)
FGF/ERK antagonist (PD0325901)
Fibroblast Growth Factor 8b (FGF8b),
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) | 30–35 |
|
| Cerebellar neurons | Erceg et al. 2012 [59] | Embryoid body | Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGF8, FGF4, and FGF2)
Retinoic acid (RA)
Wnt agonists (Wnt1, Wnt3a)
BMPs (BMP4, BMP6, BMP7, and GDF7)
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) | 35 |
|
| Cerebellar neurons | Muguruma et al. 2015 [57] | SFEBq | Activin/Nodal antagonist (SB431542)
Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGF2, FGF19)
Insulin
Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)
(co-culture with mouse granule cells to generate Purkinje cells) | 35–135 |
|
| Cerebellar neurons | Wang et al. 2015 [58] | Embryoid body | Fibroblast growth factor (FGF2)
Insulin
Sonic hedgehog antagonist (cyclopamine)
(coculture with rat organotypic cerebellar slice to generate Purkinje cells) | 20–65 |
|
| Spinal cord motor neurons | Li et al. 2005 [63] | Monolayer | Retinoic acid (RA)
Sonic hedgehog (SHH)
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF2) | 21–35 |
|
| Spinal cord motor neurons | Patani et al. 2011 [18] | Suspension | Activin/Nodal antagonist (SB431542)
Sonic hedgehog (purmorphamine)
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF2) | 21–35 |
|
| Spinal cord motor neurons | Calder et al. 2015 [67] | Monolayer | Activin/Nodal antagonist (SB431542)
BMP antagonist (LDN193189)
Retinoic acid (RA) | 35–40 |
|
