Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: New Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Cellular Therapeutic Approaches

Table 1

Drugs demonstrated to be implied in the triggering of the jaw osteonecrosis: name, mode of action or molecular target, and therapeutic indications.

Drugs	Mode of action	Indications
Biphosphonate: SBPs; N-BPs	Nonhydrolysable cytotoxic analogs of ATP; Farnesyl-diphosphate (FPP) synthase inhibition	Osteoporosis; Paget’s disease; Hypercalcemia of malignancy; Tumor-associated osteolysis
Denosumab	Monoclonal antibody that inactivates RANKL	Osteoporosis; Tumor-associated osteolysis
Bevacizumab	Monoclonal antibody that inactivates VEGF	Glioblastoma; Metastatic cancers: breast, renal, lung, colorectal
Sunitinib, Sorafenib, Cabozantinib	Tyrosine kinase inhibitors that block VEGF receptor	Metastatic cancers: breast, renal, lung, colorectal
Everolimus, Temsirolimus®	mTor inhibitors	Metastatic renal cell carcinoma