Research Article

Comparison of Immunomodulation Properties of Porcine Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Derived from the Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Dermal Skin Tissue

Figure 2

In vitro differentiation of passage 3 mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). MSCs at ca. 80% confluence were subjected to osteogenic or adipogenic conditions, and differentiation was confirmed by staining with alizarin red S or oil red O solution, respectively. (A) MSCs were observed by both macrography before and after differentiation and micrography after differentiation showing A-MSCs, BM-MSCs, and DS-MSCs, respectively, derived from a female micropig. Scale bars = 200 μm. MSCs were analyzed for the expression of osteogenesis- (RUNX2 and BGLAP) and adipogenesis- (PPARG and LPA) related genes before (B) and at 1-week intervals after (C) differentiation. The housekeeping gene GAPDH was used as a control, shown in (B) and (C).