Skeletal Muscle Cell Induction from Pluripotent Stem Cells

Figure 1

Hierarchal master transcription factor cascade for myogenesis. For myogenic differentiation during early embryogenesis, Mesogenin1 works as a master regulator for unsegmented presomitic mesoderm formation. Then, segmented somites are formed. Pax3 and Pax7 are activated in presomitic mesoderm, which generates somite-derived dermomyotome. Pax3 and Pax7 then work as master regulators for myogenic progenitor cell induction. Finally, MyoD and Myf5 are upregulated in the dorsomedial lip of dermomyotome and function as master regulators for myogenic specification to generate myoblasts. Eventually, myoblasts stop cell proliferation and express myogenin, which induces terminal differentiation of myoblasts to form multinucleated myotubes.