Tissue Engineering to Repair Diaphragmatic Defect in a Rat Model

Figure 4

Multiple-differentiation potentials of hAFMSCs in vitro. Osteogenic differentiation of hAFMSC induction for 5 days, stained with Alizarin red: (a) noninduced control hAFMSCs and (b) induced hAFMSCs cultured in osteogenic medium containing BMP4. Adipogenesis of hAFMSCs after induction: (c) noninduced control hAFMSCs and (d) induced hAFMSCs within adipogenic medium for 5 days, as shown by positive Oil red O (arrows’ cells). (e) Chondrogenic differentiation of hAFMSCs within chondrogenesis medium with Toluidine blue staining in vitro. Using a coculture system, the same number of both myoblasts (arrows, C2C12-prelabeled red dye-bits) and hAFMSCs (arrowheads, pre-GFP-labeled, green) were 1 : 1 mixed (f), per placing on to one dish. The fused multinucleated myotubes could be detected at 4 days after coculturing, in which some of the myotubes were positive for both red dye and green-GFP together (g). Results suggested that the myogenic differentiation potential via the myotube-fusion occurred between myoblasts and hAFMSCs.

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