Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Regulates MicroRNA 21 Expression to Activate TGF-β Signaling in Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells to Enhance Osteoblast Differentiation

Figure 2

Effect of PEMF on ERK activation. Human BMSCs from two different 24-year-old women and a 27-year-old woman were subjected to 4 h daily PEMF treatment for either 4 days or 9 days. On the 5th (a) or 10th day (c), their cells were treated with PEMF for different time periods as indicated and whole cell lysates were obtained and subjected to Western blot analyses; cells from a 24-year-old woman are shown as an example. ((b) day 5, (d) day 10) The quantitation of activated or phosphorylated ERKs for cells from 2 separate 24-year-old women and a 27-year-old woman was determined by normalization of phosphorylated ERKs to total ERKs after normalization to Cdk2 as a loading control and expressed as a percent of untreated control cells. The results are shown for the cells of the 3 individuals. indicates significant increase compared to control. # indicates significant increase compared to 0 times of PEMF on the 5th day. The p value ≤ 0.05 is considered as significant using one-way ANOVA.

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