|
| Arthrodesis level | MSCs source | Cell manipulation | Treatment | Patient’s number (mean age) | Follow-up | Complications | Reference |
|
Single level = 22
2 or more levels = 13 | Right posterosuperior iliac crest | Fresh bone marrow | (i) Left side: autologous bone graft
(ii) Right side: mixture of BCP and fresh autogenous bone marrow | 35
(24 males, 11 females)
Mean age = 59.2 | Minimum 30 months | 1 pseudoarthrosis | [60] |
|
Single level = 14
2 levels = 23
3 levels = 4 | Right and left iliac crest | Bone marrow concentrate (enriched using a cell separator) | (i) Decompression cases: locally harvested bone
combined with autologous enriched MSCs/β-TCP
(ii) Nondecompression cases: autologous enriched MSCs/β-TCP
| 41
(30 men, 11 women)
Mean age = 44.0
| Median 36.5
months | (i) 4 patients with transient exudation or moderate swelling in their wounds
(ii) 2 pseudoarthrosis
(iii) 1 patient with bursa synovialis
(iv) 1 patient with progressive instability of the adjoined supra-vertebra | [20] |
|
| 1 and 2 levels | Posterior
iliac crest | Bone marrow
concentrate | (i) Side 1: concentrated bone marrow associated with macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics graft and autologous bone
(ii) Side 2: nonconcentrated bone marrow with ceramics graft and autologous bone | 15
Mean age = 46.3 | 24 months | None | [61] |
|
| 1, 2, or 3 levels | One iliac crest | Bone marrow concentrated | (i) Side 1: allograft plus autologous bone marrow concentrate
(ii) Side 2: autologous iliac crest bone | 25
(15 males and 10 females)
Mean age = 45.6 | 24 months | None | [62] |
|
| Not specified | Posterior iliac crests | Bone marrow concentrate | (i) 40 patients: allograft chips alone
(ii) 40 patients: spongious allograft chips mixed with bone marrow concentrate | 80
(22 men, 58 females) | 24 months | Two complications occurred in each of the two groups: hematoma with subsequent revision surgery and drainage during the first week postoperatively | [63] |
|
Not specified
| Single iliac crest | Bone marrow concentrate | 31 patients: concentrated bone marrow aspirate with allograft and demineralized bone matrix | 31
(9 men and 22
females)
Mean age: 71.5 | At least 12 months | (i) One seroma
(ii) One pseudarthrosis
(iii) Three reoperation for 3 patients for adjacent segment pathology | [64] |
|
| 1 or 2 levels | Non applicable | Allograft cellular bone matrix containing native mesenchymal stem cells and osteoprogenitor cells | 182 patients: allograft cellular bone matrix containing native mesenchymal stem cells and osteoprogenitor cells | 182
(49% female, 51% male)
Mean age: 51
| 24 months | (i) 1 durotomy
(ii) 2 wound infections
(iii) 2 incidences of new radiculopathy
(iv) 1 incidence of hypotension
(v) 1 incidence of hypertension
(vi) 2 incidences of postoperative soft-tissue swelling | [65] |
|
