Mechanisms Regulating Stemness and Differentiation in Embryonal Carcinoma Cells

Table 1

Key features of ECC lines.

	F9 cells	P19 cells	NTERA-2 cells	References
Origin	Mouse	Mouse	Human	[37, 38, 57]
Colony morphology	Compact	Flat	Flat	[37, 38, 57]
Global methylation	Hypomethylated	Hypomethylated	Hypermethylated	[234, 248, 255]
Stemness genes	Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Klf4, Rex1, c-Myc	Oct4, Sox2, Nanog	Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Dnmt3b, Fgf4, Rex1, Dppa5	[58, 75–77, 81, 82]
LIF requirement	No	No	No	[122, 149]
RA-responsiveness	Yes	Yes	Yes	[37, 38, 59, 72]
Reprogramming efficiency	High	Low	Low	[41]
Teratoma formation	High	High	High	[22, 26]
Chimera contribution	High	High	No data available	[22, 26]
X chromosome status	X:0	Male	Male	[37, 38, 60]