Review Article
Structure and Functions of Blood Vessels and Vascular Niches in Bone
Table 1
Genetic studies illustrating functions of endothelial factors in bone are summarised below.
| Factors | Modification | Functions | Reference(s) |
| Cxcr4 | EC-specific deletion (induced) | Increased vascular permeability HSPC egress | [35] | Cxcl12 | EC-specific deletion (constitutive) | Decreased HSC frequency | [69, 70] | Dll1 | EC-specific deletion (induced) | Monocyte development | [90] | Dll4 | EC-specific deletion (induced) | Regulates type H vessels Coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis haematopoiesis | [10, 34] | Fbw7 | EC-specific deletion (induced) | Reactivating type H vessels in aged bones induce arterioles formation increase PDGFRb+, alpha-SMA+ mesenchymal cells increase HSC frequency | [10, 29, 34] | Fgfr1/2 | EC-specific deletion (induced) | Impaired vascular integrity reduced HSPCs and MSPCs | [35] | Gp130 | EC-specific deletion (constitutive) | Hypocellular marrow, marrow dysfunction, and splenomegaly | [78] | Hif1a Vhl | EC-specific deletion (induced) | Regulates type H vessels Coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis | [8] | Pdgfb | EC-specific overexpression (induced) | Increased PDGFRb+, alpha-SMA+ mesenchymal cells | [34] | Pecam1 | Global deletion | No substantial change in blood vessels | [29] | Scf | EC-specific deletion (constitutive) | Decreased HSC frequency | [81] | Sele | Global deletion | Promotes HSC quiescence and resistant to irradiation | [80] |
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