|
| Source cells (human) | Conditions for Exo generation | In vivo model | Dose/route of administration | Outcomes | References |
|
| ESC-MSC | Serum-free, collected after 72 h | Mouse, MI | 16 μg/kg total Exo protein; tail vein inj 5 min before reperfusion | ↑ LV function
↓ infarct size | Arslan et al. [47] |
| Serum-free, collected after 72 h | Mouse, I/R | 3 μg total Exo protein; tail vein inj 5 min prior to reperfusion | ↓ infarct size | Lai et al. [48] |
|
| BM-MSC | Serum-free, collected after 72 h at hypoxia (1% O2) | Rat, MI | 4 inj 20 μg total Exo protein; IM inj into infarct border zone 30 min after ligation | ↑ LVEF, FS, LVSP
↓ LVDEP
↓ infarct size
↑ blood vessel mass | Bian et al. [49] |
|
| CDC | Serum-free, collected after 5 days | Rat, I/R | 10 μg total Exo protein; injected into LV cavity over 20s with aortic cross clamp 10 min into reperfusion | ↓ infarct mass
↓ infiltration of macrophage
↓ apoptosis of cardiomyocytes | Cambier et al. [56] |
| Serum-free, collected after 15 days at confluence | Mouse, MI | 2.8 × 109 Exo; IM inj at 2 sites in peri-infarct area either immediately or 3 weeks later | ↑ LVEF
↓ fibrosis
↓ infarct size (for both dose intervals) | Ibrahim et al. [127] |
| Serum-free, collected after 15 days at confluence | Pig, MI | 16.5 × 1011 Exo in 10 injections; IM injection to infarct area | Maintained LVEF
↓ scar mass
↑ blood vessel density
↑ proliferation of cardiomyocytes | Gallet et al. [126] |
|
| CPC | 1% HSA, collected after 48 h | Rat, MI | 30 μg or 300 μg total Exo protein; IM inj into viable myocardium bordering LV infarct zone at 3 sites | ↑ LVEF
↑ in systolic LV wall thickening
↓ fibrosis | Barile et al. [55] |
|
| PMPs | Healthy donors, no medication for 2 weeks | Rat, MI | 5 μg total Exo protein per injection; 4 inj 2 mm from cyanotic region | ↑ functional vascularization | Brill et al. [101] |
|
