Provides fundamental nutrients (salts, ions, lipids, etc.); Buffering system
Cell culture medium
Cell-type-specific chemically defined (serum-free) culture medium [75, 76]
Adhesion factors; Protection from shear forces; Cell proliferation
Fetal bovine serum (FBS)
Human platelet lysates [77]; Human pooled AB serum [78]; Human umbilical cord blood serum [71]; Recombinant human serum albumin [72]; Serum-free (or reduced FBS) culture systems [79]
Cell proliferation
Feeder cells; Growth factors
Feeder-free systems [44]; Recombinant human growth factors [80]