Effects of Macromolecular Crowding on Human Adipose Stem Cell Culture in Fetal Bovine Serum, Human Serum, and Defined Xeno-Free/Serum-Free Conditions

Figure 4

Alizarin red staining indicating the osteogenic differentiation potential of ASCs under different conditions. (a) Osteogenic differentiation was studied using quantitative Alizarin red staining after 28 days of osteogenic induction. (b) Alizarin red staining was quantified using cetylpyridinium chloride extraction. ASCs expanded in HS medium had stronger osteogenic differentiation capacity compared with those in FBS cultures. FBS cells expanded in standard medium and differentiated under MMC had a significantly stronger osteogenic differentiation capacity compared with cells expanded in standard or MMC cultures and differentiated in standard induction media. ASCs cultured in HS conditions had a strong osteogenic differentiation capacity in all studied conditions. Scale bar 500 μm; indicates . Data are presented as mean ± SD. FBS, fetal bovine serum; HS, human serum; E ± MMC, expansion under macromolecular crowding/in standard medium; D ± MMC, differentiation under macromolecular crowding/in standard medium.

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