Epigenetic Manipulation Facilitates the Generation of Skeletal Muscle Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells

Table 1

Methods for the skeletal myogenic differentiation of hPSCs.

Overexpressed genes	Methods	Conditions	Maturation	Time	% MHC + cells	References
PAX7	Lentivirus	Doxycyclin-inducible overexpression in hPSC-derived mesodermal cells	Progenitors	2~3 weeks	>90%	[14]
MYOD1	Adenovirus	Infection in hPSC-derived mesenchymal cells	Mature cells	1~2 weeks	60%	[15]
MYOD1	Lentivirus	Tamoxyfen-inducible overexpression in mesoangioblast-like progenitors derived from hPSCs	Mature cells	3~4 weeks	>90%	[16]
MYOD1	piggyBac transposase	Doxycyclin-inducible overexpression in hPSCs	Mature cells	1~2 weeks	>90%	[13]
MYOD1	synRNA	Transfection of MYOD1 in hPSC-derived fibroblasts	Mature cells	5 weeks	40%	[54]
JMJD3c and MYOD1	synRNA	Transfection of JMJD3c followed by MYOD1 in hPSCs	Mature cells	5 days	60%	[17]
BAF60C and MYOD1	Lentivirus	Infection of BAF60C followed by MYOD1 in hESCs	Mature cells	1~2 weeks	60%	[18]

∗ includes the procedure for generating stable cell lines.
Differentiated cells from FACS-sorted PAX7-positive cells.