Tumorigenic and Differentiation Potentials of Embryonic Stem Cells Depend on TGF<i>β</i> Family Signaling: Lessons from Teratocarcinoma Cells Stimulated to Differentiate with Retinoic Acid

<table class="table-group" id="tab2"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Transplantation sites</td><td class="align_center">ES R1 + RA + ActA</td><td class="align_center">ES R1 + RA + BMP4</td><td class="align_center">ES R1 + RA + LY</td><td class="align_center">ES R1 + RA + PD</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">SC</td><td class="align_center">0/5 (0%), 30 wk</td><td class="align_center">0/5 (0%), 30 wk</td><td class="align_center">0/5 (0%), 30 wk</td><td class="align_center">0/5 (0%), 30 wk</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">IP</td><td class="align_center">0/5 (0%), 30 wk</td><td class="align_center">0/5 (0%), 30 wk</td><td class="align_center">0/5 (0%), 30 wk</td><td class="align_center">0/5 (0%), 30 wk</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="table-fn"><td>The percentage and number of animals are indicated in which tumors were found in the transplantation sites during autopsy. SC: subcutaneous transplantation; IP: intraperitoneal transplantation (the cells grown on acetate cellulose membranes).<br/></td></tr></table>

Tumor development in nude mice after transplantations of ES R1 stimulated with RA in combination with Activin A, BMP4, PD98059, and LY294002.

Stem Cells International

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Table 2: Tumorigenic and Differentiation Potentials of Embryonic Stem Cells Depend on TGF<i>β</i> Family Signaling: Lessons from Teratocarcinoma Cells Stimulated to Differentiate with Retinoic Acid 

Table 2 | Tumorigenic and Differentiation Potentials of Embryonic Stem Cells Depend on TGFβ Family Signaling: Lessons from Teratocarcinoma Cells Stimulated to Differentiate with Retinoic Acid 