Review Article

Buccal Fat Pad as a Potential Source of Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration: A Literature Review

Table 3

Comparison between BFPSCs and SC-AdSCs.

SourceSC-AdSCsBFPSCsRef

Volume of harvested adipose tissueHuman37 ml0.8 ml[12]
Number of cells isolated form adipose tissueHuman1.15 × 105 (cells/ml)1.1 × 105 (cells/ml)[12]
Human513 × 103 (cells/gram) after 1 week of culture253 × 103 (cells/gram) after 1 week of culture[9]
Number of cellsHuman1.3 × 106 after 21 days, starting from 6 × 104 AdSCs5.9 × 105 after 21 days, starting from 6 × 104 AdSCs[12]
Doubling time (h)Human73.5126.5[12]
Swine82.972.5[13]
Morphology and sizeHumanFibroblast-like shapeSlightly smaller and rounder compared with SC-AdSCs[12]
HumanFibroblast-like shapeFibroblast-like shape[13]
SwineSpindle-shaped morphology after seeding and fibroblast-like morphology after 7 days of cultureSimilar to SC-AdSCs[9]
Clonogenicity expressed as the percentage of cells able to produce CFU-F from passages 1 to 4Human9.2%[12]
Human10.1%8.9%[13]
Expression of specific MSC markersHumanCD73+, CD90+, and CD105+; CD14, CD31, and CD34Similar to SC-AdSCs[12]
Swine(i) CD146+CD29+ was observed in initial passaged BFPSCs, but not SC-AdSCs[9]
(ii) CD34 was much higher in BFPSCs than in SC-AdSCs
(iii) CD105 was not observed in BFPSCs at first but increased by passaging the cells
Collagen level increase by osteodifferentiated cells after 14 days of cultureHuman137.5%74.5%[12]
Swine87%254%[13]
ALP activity increase by osteodifferentiated cells after 14 days of cultureHuman553%419%[12]
Swine126%201%[13]
Adipogenic differentiation capacity after 14 days of cultureHumanNo differenceNo difference[12]
GAGs content increase in chondrogenic-differentiated porcine cells after 21 daysSwine184%149%[13]

CFU: colony-forming units; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; SC-AdSC: subcutaneous adipose stem cell; ALP: alkaline phosphate; GAG: glycosaminoglycan.