Direct Cardiac Reprogramming: Progress and Promise

Table 2

Summary of direct cardiac reprogramming results.

Reprogramming factors	Mouse/human	In vitro/in vivo	Reported efficiency	Analysis method	Reference
GMHT, SB431542	Mouse	In vitro	9.3% GCaMP+	IF	[26]
GMHT, DAPT	Mouse	In vitro	38% cTnT+	IF	[28]
GM(H)T, FGF2, FGF10, VEGF	Mouse	In vitro	2.9% cTnT+	FC	[32]
miRNA-1, miRNA-133, miRNA-208, miRNA-499	Mouse	In vivo	12% tdTomato+cTnT+	IHC	[36]
miRNA-1, miRNA-133, miRNA-208, miRNA-499, JAK inhibitor I	Mouse	Both	28% αMHC+ (in vitro)	FC	[30]
GMT, Mesp1, Myocd, miRNA-133	Mouse; Human	In vitro	12.9% cTnT+; 27.8% cTnT+	FC	[35]
GHT, MYOCD, miRNA-1, miRNA-133	Human	In vitro	34.1% cTnT+	FC	[37]
GMHT, miRNA-1, miRNA-133, miRNA-208, miRNA-499, Y-27632, A83-01	Mouse	In vitro	60% cTnT+	IF	[29]
GMT, miRNA-590	Human; Porcine	In vitro	4.6% cTnT+	FC	[39]
Ascorbic acid, RepSox, forskolin, valproic acid, CHIR99021	Mouse	In vitro	9% αMHC+	FC	[60]
CHIR99021, BIX01294, A83-01, AS8351, SC1, OAC2, Y27632, SU16F, JNJ10198409	Human	In vitro	6.6% cTnT+	FC	[61]

FC: flow cytometry; IF: immunofluorescence; IHC: immunohistochemistry.