Current Trends in Biomaterial Utilization for Cardiopulmonary System Regeneration

Table 3

Classifications of biomaterials used in lung tissue regeneration.

Biomaterials		Experimental studies			References
Classification	Subclassification	In vitro	In vivo	Clinical trials
Natural biomaterials	Albumin	Aiyelabegan et al. (2016): albumin enhanced the integration of cells and scaffolds with one another.	None reported.	None reported.	[246]
	Fibrin gel	None reported.	Mammoto et al. (2013): polymer fibrils of fibrin gels trapped VEGF and bFGF and enhanced angiogenesis in a rat model	None reported.	[260]
	Fibrinogen/thrombin-based collagen fleece	None reported.	Ikeda et al. (2011): TC is better than suturing because it prevents vessel stricture in a canine model.	None reported.	[267]
	Collagen-elastic fiber hydrogel	Hadjipanayi et al. (2009): influenced cellular proliferation and differentiation	None reported.	None reported.	[270]
Combination of natural and synthetic biomaterials	Gelatin-modified poly(ε-caprolactone) film	Kosmala et al. (2016): PCL/gelatin modification did not stop human epithelial cell line NCI-H292 cells to proliferate.	None reported.	None reported.	[272]
	Electrospun nanofibers of poly(ε-caprolactone)(pcl)/depolymerized chitosan	Mahoney et al. (2016): PCL/chitosan molecular interaction helped maintain the architecture of tracheal tissue regeneration therapy.	None reported.	None reported.	[273]
	Hyaluronic acid-g-poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (hema) copolymer	Radhakumary et al. (2011): copolymer of HA and poly(HEMA) was observed as the best choice for the “natural-synthetic polymer hybrid matrix”	None reported.	None reported.	[275]
	3D macroporous hydroxyethyl methacrylate-alginate-gelatin (hag) cryogel	Singh et al. (2011): combining HEMA, alginate, and gelatin improved lung tissue regeneration.	None reported.	None reported.	[280]