Exosomes Regulate the Transformation of Cancer Cells in Cancer Stem Cell Homeostasis

Table 2

Targeted exocrine and possible pathway of tumor therapy.

Action pathway	Action target	Function	References
Biogenesis	ESCRT components	Reduce the release of exosomes and change their content components	[118]
	aSMase	Decrease the sorting and production of exosomes	[119]
	Tetraspanin	Reduce the production of MVBs and change the mRNA content and protein composition of exosomes	[120]
	Rab protein	Inhibit the binding of MVBs to the plasma membrane	[12, 13, 121]
Release process	Diacylglycerol kinase alpha	Inhibition of the release of exosomes containing the Fas ligand	[122]
	Na^+/Ca^2+ channel	Reduce the release of exosomes	[123]
	Phosphatidylserine	Interfere with the binding of EVs to receptor cells	[124–127]
Ingestion process	Dynein	Inhibition of exosomal uptake by receptor cells	[19]