Early Changes in Tumor Perfusion from T1-Weighted Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI following Neural Stem Cell-Mediated Therapy of Recurrent High-Grade Glioma Correlate with Overall Survival

Figure 4

Presurgical images of a 52-year old GBM patient show a ring-enhancing mass with central necrosis on the T1 postcontrast image (a), disrupted blood brain barrier on leakage (b) and vessel density on (c) maps overlaid on the T1-weighted image, and cellularity on the diffusion-weighted image (DWI) (d). Histologic specimen (e) shows low-to-moderate cellularity, sclerosed microvasculature (circled in red), and hyalinizing necrosis (blue line). The patient received CD-NSCs on dose level 3, and the overall survival after NSC treatment was 18 months. The green circle on the top right corner corresponds to the green data points in Figure 2.