Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Mitophagy during Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Isolated from Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) Horses

Figure 4

Assessment of oxidative stress factors and apoptosis under adipogenic conditions. To evaluate the levels of oxidative stress, the amount of SOD (a), ROS (b), and NO (c) in culture supernatants were assessed. Representative photographs showing the results of senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Boxed regions with red edges indicate the regions with excessive β-galactosidase accumulation. Accumulation of β-galactosidase was also quantified by spectrophotometric measurement of dye reduction (e). Intracellular accumulation of ROS was assessed with a cell analyzer (f). Moreover, the expression of the following transcripts was investigated using the RT-PCR method: p21 (g), BCL-2 (h), and p53 (i). mRNA levels of p53 was also analyzed in adipose tissue homogenates of healthy and EMS diagnosed horses (j). Results are expressed as mean ± SD. Scale bar 250 μm. , , and .

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