Significance of Glioma Stem-Like Cells in the Tumor Periphery That Express High Levels of CD44 in Tumor Invasion, Early Progression, and Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma

Figure 1

Navigation-guided surgical method for taking tumor samples from two sites, the periphery and core in GBM. The position of the tip of the fence-post catheters that are placed along the tumor border under echo-linked image-guided navigation is determined as a target for taking samples in the tumor periphery. The target area corresponds to just outside of the Gd-enhanced area and within the positive-uptake area on Met-PET. When the tumor showed a central necrosis, tumor tissues located outside the necrotic area were collected for the samples at the tumor core (left). Otherwise, the tumor samples at the core were obtained from the center of the resected tumor.