Significance of Glioma Stem-Like Cells in the Tumor Periphery That Express High Levels of CD44 in Tumor Invasion, Early Progression, and Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma
Table 1
Summary of clinical features on MRI, Ki-67 SI (in the periphery), CD44, and VEGF expression values and clinical prognosis including survival and outcome in 13 patients with GBM.
Patient
Features on MRI
Ki-67 SI (P)
CD44
VEGF
Survival and outcome
Number
Group
Intensity of invasion
Central necrosis
%
Proliferative intensity
mRNA in periphery
P/C ratio
mRNA in periphery
P/C ratio
PFS (months)
OS (months)
Status
1
II
H
−
26.1
H
0.19
76
0.041
1.75
7
10
D
2
IIIa
L
+
33.3
H
0.69
1.25
0.33
1
46
46
A
3
IIIb
L
−
68.3
H
0.053
1.9
0.076
4
43
43
A
4
I
H
+
16.8
L
0.12
14.1
0.025
1
14
17
D
5
IIIa
L
+
42
H
0.007
0.02
0.012
0.4
12
24
D
6
II
H
+
44.9
H
0.32
18.4
0.007
0.14
7
16
D
7
I
H
−
7.1
L
0.58
9.8
0.01
0.2
9
33
D
8
IIIa
L
+
42.3
H
0.13
0.65
0.043
0.23
8
26
D
9
I
H
+
13.7
L
0.31
7.48
0.18
1.3
NA
NA
D
10
I
H
+
11.6
L
0.32
32.8
0.018
0.1
9
18
D
11
I
H
−
13.2
L
0.27
18
0.009
0.8
11
14
D
12
IIIa
L
+
50.8
H
0.12
0.85
0.086
1.3
11
11
A
13
II
H
−
28
H
0.61
15.5
0.02
1.7
4
6
D
Ki-67 SI (P): Ki-67 staining index (in the tumor periphery), VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, P/C ratio: periphery/core ratio, PFS: progression-free survival, OS: overall survival, H: high, L: low, NA: not assessed, status: D (dead), A (alive).
