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| Reference | Grafts | SCI model | Outcomes |
|
| Tsuji et al. [16] | Mouse iPSC-derived neurospheres | Mouse contusive SCI at T-10 level | Preevaluated safe iPSC-derived cells promoted functional recovery without teratomas or other tumors, while the “unsafe” iPSC-derived cell resulted in teratoma forming and functional deterioration |
| Nori et al. [17] | Human iPSC-derived neurospheres | Mouse contusive SCI at T-10 level | Human iPSC-derived cells improved motor functional recovery without tumor formation but some pluripotent stem cells remained at 112d post-SCI |
| Kobayashi et al. [18] | Human iPSC-derived NS/PCs | Marmoset contusive SCI at C-5 level | Preevaluated safe iPSC-derived cells promoted functional recovery without tumors, whereas some undifferentiated cells were still presented after 16 weeks posttransplantation |
| Fujimoto et al. [20] | Human iPSC-derived neuroepithelial-like stem cells (hiPS-It-NESC) | Mouse contusive SCI at T9-10 level | hiPS-It-NESCs promote recovery of motor function and reconstruct neuronal circuity with no tumors up to 12 weeks after SCI |
| LiuTang et al. 2013 | Human iPSC-derived NSCs | Rhesus monkey contusive SCI at T9 level | Human iPSC-derived NSCs migrated into damaged regions and showed functional recovery with no tumors after 30 days post-SCI |
| Lu et al. [19] | Human iPSC-NSCs | Rats and mice lateral spinal cord lesions at C5 level | Human iPSC-NSCs showed long-distance growth of human axons without obvious functional recovery |
| Salewski et al. 2015 | Mouse iPSC-NSCs | Clip-compression spinal cord injuries at the T6 level | Wildtype-iPSC-NSCs improved neurobehavioral function while nonmyelinating Shiverer-iPSC-NSC did not |
| Oh et al. 2015 | iPSC-NPCs from human disc | Mouse compressional SCI at T-11 level | iPSC-NPCs promoted functional and structural recovery with no tumor formation but undifferentiated cells still existed five weeks later |
| Pomeshchik et al. [22] | Human iPSC-NPCs | Mouse contusive SCI at T-10 level | Transplanted cells failed to improve functional recovery but no tumor formed and undifferentiated cells were not detected |
| Kawabata et al. 2016 | Human iPSC-OPC-enriched NS/PCs | Mouse contusive SCI at T-10 level | Transplanted cells lead to robust remyelination and enhance functional recovery without tumorigenicity |
| Okubo et al [21] | Human iPSC-NS/PCs with γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) | Mouse contusive SCI at T-10 level | GSI-treated hiPSC-NS/PCs exhibited motor functional recovery and decreased residual immature cells |
| Itakura et al [27] | Human-integrated iCaspase9-iPSC-NS/PCs with chemical inducers of dimerization (CIDs) | Mouse contusive SCI at T-10 level | Transplanted cells of the CID group exhibited continually functional recovery while the control groups showed functional decline due to teratomas |
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