Review Article

Stem Cell Therapy in Patients with Chronic Nonischemic Heart Failure

Table 1

Clinical trials of stem cells in DCMP.

Study nameStudy designStudy phasePrespecified endpointMethod of LVEF evaluationNumber of patientsFollow-up (months)Cell typeNumber of transplanted cells (million)Cell delivery method

TOPCARE-DCM [12] (NCT00284713)Prospective, open-labelII(i) Absolute change in regional LV wall motion of the target areaLV angiography3312BMMC259 ± 135IC

ABCD [13] (NCT unavailable)Prospective, randomized, open-labelII(i) Change in NYHA functional class
(ii) Change in LVEF
(iii) Mortality
(iv) Histopathologic evaluation
Echo44 (24 treated/20 controls)6BMMC28 ± 16IC

Bocchi et al. [14] (NCT unavailable)Prospective, randomized, open-labelII(i) Improvement in LVEF
(ii) Exercise capacity
(iii) QoL
Echo40 (23 treated/17 controls)1BMMCNot availableIC

REGENERATE-DCM [15] (NCT01302171)Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blindII(i) Change in global LVEF at 3 months
(ii) Change in global LVEF at 12 months
(iii) Exercise capacity
(iv) QoL
(v) Change in NT-proBNP
CMR/cCT60 (15 peripheral G-CSF, 15 peripheral placebo, 15 IC stem cells, 15 IC serum)12BMMC216 ± 221IC

Vrtovec et al. [17] (NCT00629018)Prospective, randomised, open-labelII(i) Change in global LVEF at 12 months
(ii) Exercise capacity
(iii) Change in NT-proBNP
Echo55 (28 treated/27 controls)12HSC (CD34+)123 ± 23IC

Vrtovec et al. [18] (NCT01350310)Prospective, randomised, open-labelII(i) Change in global LVEF at 12 months
(ii) Exercise capacity
(iii) Change in NT-proBNP
Echo110 (55 treated/55 controls)60HSC (CD34+)113 ± 26IC

Vrtovec et al. [19] (no NCT number)Prospective, randomised, open-labelII(i) Change in global LVEF at 12 months
(ii) Exercise capacity
(iii) Change in NT-proBNP
Echo40 (20 IC injections/20 TE injections)6HSC (CD34+)IC: 103 ± 27
TE: 105 ± 31
IC/TE

Butler et al. [22] (NCT02467387)Prospective, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlledII(i) All-cause mortality
(ii) All-cause hospitalizations
(iii) Adverse events
(iv) LVEF
(v) Exercise capacity
(vi) QoL
(vii) Change in NT-proBNP
CMR22 (10 treated/12 placebo)6alloMSC1.5 million cells/kgIV

POSEIDON-DCM [23] (NCT01392625)Prospective, randomised, open-labelI/II(i) Adverse events
(ii) LVEF
(iii) Exercise capacity
(iv) QoL
CMR/cCT/echo37 (19 alloMSC/18 autoMSC)12AlloMSC versus autoMSC100TE

BMMC: bone marrow mononuclear cells; HSC: hematopoietic stem cells; alloMSC: allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells; autoMSC: autologous mesenchymal stem cells, IC: intracoronary route; TE: transendocardial route; IV: intravenous route; QoL: quality of life.