Autologous Stem Cell Therapy in Critical Limb Ischemia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 1

Characteristics of included clinical studies.

Study	Sample (T/C)	Age (T/C)	Intervention		Injection	Follow-up	Number of cells	Evaluation
			T	C
Huang et al. [37]	14/14	71.1/70.9	PBMNCs	Standard care	IM	12 w	3 × 10^9	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑥, ⑦
Arai et al. [23]	13/12	62/68	BMMNCs	Standard care	IM	1 mo	1–3 × 10^9	②, ⑤
Barć et al. [24]	14/15	Unclear	BMMNCs	Standard care	IM	6 mo	Unclear	①, ②
Lu et al. [38]	22/23	66.6/65.5	BMMSCs	Standard care	IM	12 w	7.32 × 10^8–5.61 × 10^9	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑥
Dash et al. [39]	12/12	40	BMMSCs	Standard care	IM	12 w	4.5-6 × 10^7	②, ⑥
Shi et al. [40]	25/25	Unclear	BMSCs	Standard care	IM	3 mo	Unclear	②, ④, ⑦
Procházka et al. [30]	42/54	66.2/64.1	BMSCs	Standard care	IA	4 mo	1.96 × 10^8	①, ②, ③
Wen and Huang [34]	30/30	63	PBSCs	Standard care	IM	3 mo	3 × 10^9	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑦
Lu [15]	21/41	63	BMMNCs	Standard care	IM	24 w	9.3 × 10^8	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑤
Lu et al. [15]	20/41	65	BMMSCs	Standard care	IM	24 w	9.6 × 10^8	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑤
Walter et al. [25]	19/21	64.4/64.5	BMMNCs	Standard care	IA	6 mo	1.53 × 10^8	①, ④, ⑤
Jain et al. [41]	25/23	54/58	BMSCs	Standard care	IM	3 mo	Unclear	②
Benoit et al. [42]	34/14	65.7/72.5	BMSCs	Standard care	IM	6 mo	Unclear	①, ②
Losordo et al. [43]	16/12	66.2/67.1	CD34+	Standard care	IM	12 mo	1 × 10^6 1 × 10^5	①, ④
Powell et al. [44]	48/24	67.3/69.2	BMSCs	Standard care	IM	12 mo	0.35–2.95 × 10^8	①
Ozturk et al. [31]	20/20	71.9/70.8	PBMNCs	Standard care	IM	3 mo	2.48 × 10^7	①, ②, ③, ④, ⑤, ⑥
Gupta et al. [29]	10/10	43/47.6	BMMSCs	Standard care	IM	6 mo	2 × 10^9	①, ②, ④
Li et al. [26]	29/29	61/63	BMMNCs	Standard care	IM	6 mo	1 × 10^7	①, ②
Mohammadzadeh et al. [32]	7/14	63.5/64.2	PBSCs	Standard care	IM	3 mo	2 × 10^7	①, ②, ④
Szabo et al. [33]	10/10	60.6/63	PBSCs	Standard care	IM	24 mo	6.64 × 10^7	②, ⑤
Raval et al. [9]	7/3	65/85	CD133+	Standard care	IM	12 mo	5–40 × 10^7	①
Teraa et al. [5]	81/79	69/65	BMMNCs	Standard care	IA	6 mo	5-6 × 10^8	①, ②, ④, ⑤
Skóra et al. [45]	16/16	66.7/68.3	BMMNCs	Pentoxifylline	IM	3 mo	1.58 × 10^9	①, ③, ④
Lu et al. [46]	20/21	67.2	PBSCs	Standard care	IM	6 mo	Unclear	④, ⑤

Note: T = cell therapy; C = control group; IM = intramuscular; IA = intra-arterial; w = week; mo = month; PBMNCs = peripheral blood mononuclear cells; BMMNCs = bone marrow mononuclear cells; BMMSCs = bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; BMSCs = bone marrow stem cells; PBSCs = peripheral blood stem cells; ① = amputation; ② = ulcer healing; ③ = angiographic; ④ = ABI; ⑤ = TcO₂; ⑥ = pain-free walking distance; ⑦ = the blood flow of 10 toes.