Review Article
Direct Control of Stem Cell Behavior Using Biomaterials and Genetic Factors
Table 1
Maintenance of stemness using biophysical and biochemical stimulations.
| Type of stimulation | Details of condition | Type of cells | Observation | Ref. |
| Biophysical stimulation | Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) | hMSCs | hMSCs differentiated into chondrocyte without dedifferentiation in nonchondrogenic differentiation environments. | [18] | LIPUS | hMSCs | The transplanted cells differentiated into chondrocytes and regenerated defect sites of recipient cartilage. | [19] | Ultrasound | hMSCs | Ultrasound treatment enhanced fracture healing by promoting osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. | [20] | Fluid flow | Osteocyte, osteoblast, and hMSCs | Flow stimulation promoted recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. | [21] |
| Overexpression of genetical factor | SRY- (sex-determining region Y-) box 2 (SOX2) Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) | hMSCs | Overexpression of Sox2 enhanced stemness of MSCs during in vitro cultivation. | [23] | hMSC | Overexpression of SirT1 prevented age-associated senescence of MSCs via Sox2 regulation. | [26, 27] | Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) or pron. nanOg (Nanog) | hMSC | Viral transfection of Oct4 or Nanog enhanced the self-renewal and differentiation potential of MSCs. | [24, 25] |
| Treatment of organic compound | Resveratrol | hMSCs | Resveratrol treatment enhanced maintenance of the self-renewal and differentiation capacity of MSCs during ex vivo cultivation. | [28] | Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2) | hMSCs | Treatment of t-BHQ, the activator of NRF2, promoted self-renewal ability and osteogenic differentiation via inhibition of p53 expression. | [35] |
|
|