Antiarrhythmic Effects of Carvedilol and Flecainide in Cardiomyocytes Derived from Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Patients

Figure 4

Incidence of different Ca²⁺ abnormality types in control, L4115F, V4653F, and exon 3 deletion CMs under each condition. (a) Carvedilol data and (b) flecainide data. Flecainide caused Ca²⁺ abnormalities in 61% of control cells whereas carvedilol only in 26%. Both drugs were equally effective in CPVT CMs carrying L4115F mutation. V4653F responded the same way to both drugs as L4115F whereas in exon 3 deletion, the efficacy of both drugs was higher. Moreover, in the exon 3 deletion CMs, the incidence of oscillations was much higher than in the others. Donut charts represent the responder groups after drug treatment (adrenaline + drug). BL = baseline; Adr = 1 μM adrenaline; CAR = 0.25 μM carvedilol; FLE = 10 μM flecainide; OS = oscillation; MP = multiple peak; AL = alternans; PA = plateau abnormality; LP = low peak; IP = irregular phase; N = normal; n = amount of CMs studied.

(a)

(b)