Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 Inhibits the Immunomodulatory Property of BMMSCs via Id1 in Sjögren’s Syndrome

Figure 2

BMP6 impaired the immunomodulatory properties of BMMSCs by downregulating PGE2 and upregulating Th1 and Th17 cells. (a, b) CFSE assays showed T cells proliferation was inhibited by BMMSCs, and this effect could be attenuated by BMP6 (). (c, d, e) Flow cytometric analysis indicated that BMP6 significantly inhibited BMMSC-mediated downregulation of Th1 and Th17 cells (). ELISA assays revealed that BMP6-treated BMMSCs showed a decreased concentration of PGE2 (f) and increased concentration of IFN-gamma (g) in the supernatants of the BMMSCs/T cell coculture system (). (h) Although no significant difference was detected, there was an increasing trend in IL-17 concentration in the supernatants of the BMMSCs/T cell coculture system (i, j). CFSE assays showed that T cells proliferated less when cocultured with anti-BMP6-pretreated NOD BMMSCs compared with the isotype antibody group (). (k, l, m) Flow cytometric analysis showed that anti-BMP6-treated NOD BMMSCs exert an effect on downregulating Th1 and Th17 cells (, ). ELISA assays revealed that anti-BMP6-pretreated NOD BMMSCs significantly increased the levels of PGE2 (n) and decreased the levels of IFN-gamma (o) but had no effect on IL-17 (p) in the supernatants of the BMMSCs/T cell coculture system (, ).

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