The Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Wound Healing: Comparison of Methods of Application

Figure 4

Histological observations showing that tissue regeneration was much more extensive in the ASC groups than in the control groups. (a) In the control group, epithelium is not formed. The dermis layer has less vascularization, and inflammatory cell infiltration still occurred. (b, c, and d) The biopsies from the ASC-treated mice presented a good stratified and differentiated epithelial layer. The epidermis and dermis layers were well formed in layers with adequate vascularity and less inflammation.

(a) Control

(b) Intravenous injection of ASCs

(c) Intramuscular injection of ASCs

(d) Topical application of ASCs