Phage-Based Artificial Niche: The Recent Progress and Future Opportunities in Stem Cell Therapy

Table 1

Engineered M13 phage-based artificial cell niches.

SN	Peptide sequence expressed	Progenitor/stem cell	Influence on cell fate	References
1	PDPLEPRREVCE and YGFGG	MSC	Morphology, proliferation, and differentiation of MSC is enhanced	Zhu et al. [127]
2	RGD and PHSRN	MSC	Osteoblastic differentiation of MSC without osteogenic supplements	Wang et al. [128]
3	RGD, PHSRN, ALKRQGRTLYGFGG, and KIPKASSSVPTELSAISTLYL	iPSC	Differentiation into osteoblasts in the absence of osteogenic supplements	Wang et al. [129]
4	RGD	MSC	Vascularized osteogenesis in 3D-printed bone scaffolds	Wang et al. [130]
5	RGD and SDKP	EC	Induced angiogenesis by recruiting and activating EC; potential to restore tissues after ischemic injury	Yoo et al. [131]
6	RGD and IKVAV	NPC	Favorable substrates for NPC proliferation and differentiation	Merzlyak et al. [132]
7	RGD and HPQ	MC3T3, ASC	Stiffness platform for modulating cell expansion and differentiation	Lee et al. [144]
8	RGD and HPQ	NPC	Synergistic roles of immobilized growth factor and phage in controlling NPC morphology and growth	Yoo et al. [147]
9	DGEA	MC3T3	Early osteogenic differentiation of mouse preosteoblasts MC3T3	Yoo et al. [148]
10	RGD	NPC	Enhanced directional proliferation and differentiation of NPC	Chung et al. [150]
11	RGD and DDYP	MC3T3	Biomimetic nanoink showed enhanced proliferation and differentiation	Lee et al. [156]

EC: endothelial cells; iPSC: induced pluripotent stem cells; NPC: neural progenitor cells; MSC: mesenchymal stem cells; ASC: adipose-derived stem cells; MC3T3: preosteoblast cells.