Mitochondrial Fusion by M1 Promotes Embryoid Body Cardiac Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Figure 3

M1 promotes cardiac differentiation of human iPSCs (iPSC-Foreskin-2 cell line). (a) Schematic of embryoid body- (EB-) based cardiac differentiation protocol with 5 μM of M1 treatment regimen. (b) Effect of M1 on the percentage of beating EBs (). (c) Percentage of cardiac troponin T-positive (cTnT⁺) cells in individual beating EBs at day 10 postplating (). (d–h) mRNA expression of mesodermal cardiac transcription factors (d), cardiac-specific muscle proteins (e), endoderm lineage markers (f), ectoderm lineage markers (g), and mitochondrial fission and fusion markers (h) in human iPSCs treated with DMSO (control) or 5 μM M1 for 6 days during EB formation (). (i, j) Changes in the beating rate of cardiomyocytes derived from control or M1 groups following treatment with isoproterenol hydrochloride (isoprenaline: 1–100 nM (i)) or carbamylcholine (carbachol: 1–100 nM (j)) (). Data are expressed as . , , and vs. control by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test (b, c, i, j) and by paired Student’s -test (d–h).

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