Emerging Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pathogenesis of Haematological Malignancies

Figure 2

Physiological role of extracellular vesicles derived from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC-EV) in bone marrow microenvironment. Exosomes are generated in the intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVB) and delivered to the extracellular space via exocytosis. Microvesicles are released by budding of the plasma membrane. MSC-EV regulate (induce) self-renewal and inhibit differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and exert immunomodulatory action by activating neutrophils and inhibiting proliferation of dendritic cells, NK cells, B-cells, and T-cells. MSC-EV activate angiogenesis in endothelial cells (EC) but inhibit angiogenesis in tumor cells (TC). MSC: multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells.