Osteoarthritic Synovial Fluid Modulates Cell Phenotype and Metabolic Behavior In Vitro

Figure 7

Crosstalk between articular cartilage, synovium, and OA synovial fluid cells. Articular chondrocytes altered metabolism, shifting from the anaerobic to the glycolytic pathway, and other alternative sources of energy production, leading to a raise in glycerol and glucose concentration in the synovial fluid OA SF. Besides, synovium inflammation increases TGF-β and IL-4 production and reduces BMP-4 expression. These alterations are interpreted by the SFC as stimuli to keep proliferation and not to differentiate. So, synovial fluid cells keep proliferating, instead of repairing articular lesions.