Immunomodulatory Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering

Figure 4

MSCs promote the differentiation of M0 to M2, which secretes VEGF, and IGF promotes recanalization of blood vessels. Green arrow: M0 differentiates into M1 and M2. Blue arrow: M2 secretes cytokines that promote recanalization of blood vessels. Black arrows: MSCs promote the differentiation of M0 to M2.