|
| Type | Disease | Oral MSC | Function | Mechanism | References |
|
| Inflammatory disease | Periodontitis | BM-MSCs, SHEDs | Mitigate the severity of bone loss | Decrease TNF-α, IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, osteoclasts, RANKL/OPG ratio, inflammatory cells; increase IL-10, M2-like macrophage | [24, 122–124] |
| Acute lung injury | DFSCs | Alleviate histopathological damage and pulmonary permeability | Decrease MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α; increase IL-10, Arg-1 | [129] |
| Colitis | DPSCs, GMSCs | Rescue weight loss, ameliorate colonic transmural inflammation, suppress epithelial ulceration, and restore normal intestinal architecture | Induce T cell apoptosis through Fas ligand decrease Th1, Th17 cells, IL-6, IL-17; increase Tregs, IL-10 | [87, 93] |
|
| Autoimmune disease | Autoimmune encephalomyelitis | PDLSCs | Mitigate inflammatory response and apoptosis enhance IL-10 and IL-37 secretion, and suppress | Decrease TNF-α , COX-2, iNOS, caspase-3, Bax; increase IL-10, IL-37, Bcl-2 | [131] |
| Sjögren’s-like disease | BM-MSCs | Rescue a decline in the salivary flow rate, reduce lymphocyte infiltration in the salivary gland | Modulate INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, PGE2, IL-6 | [133] |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | GMSCs | Inhibit inflammation, ameliorate bone and cartilage destruction | Increase Tregs; decrease TNF-α, CII-specific IgG; through FasL/Fas and CD39/CD73 signals | [137, 139] |
| Type 1 diabetes | GMSCs | Decrease blood glucose levels, delay diabetes onset, ameliorate pathology scores in the pancreas | Decrease IL-17 and IFN-γ; increase the number and function of Tregs | [134] |
| Diabetic polyneuropathy | DPSCs | Improve the delay in sciatic nerve conduction velocities and the decrease in nerve blood flow | Decrease monocytes/macrophages, ribonucleic acid; increase CD206 mRNA | [135] |
|
| Allergic disease | Allergic rhinitis | SHED | Reduce nasal symptoms and inflammatory infiltration | Decrease IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A; increase IFN-γ | [138] |
| Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) | GMSCs | Reduce hypersensitivity | Reverse the imbalance of abnormal Th1/Th2 ratio; decrease dendritic cells, mast cells, Th17; increase Tregs; PGE2-signaling pathway | [83, 136] |
|
| Others | Fibrotic scar | SHEDs | Promote fibrotic scar | Decrease TNF-α , IL-1β, iNOS; activate apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells | [142] |
| Optic nerve injury | PDLSCs | Promote retinal ganglion cell survival and neurites regeneration | Direct cell-cell interaction, increase brain-derived neurotrophic secretion | [132] |
| Bone resorption | BM-MSCs | Decrease orthodontic-force induced root-resorption lacunae | Decrease osteoclast number, RANKL, and COX-2 | [128] |
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