Succinate Supplement Elicited “Pseudohypoxia” Condition to Promote Proliferation, Migration, and Osteogenesis of Periodontal Ligament Cells

Figure 1

Hypoxia promoted proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation in hPDLCs. Cells separated from periodontal ligaments were characterized by flow cytometry, showing positive expression of markers of MSCs (a). hPDLCs cultured in the normoxia and hypoxia were visualized using a microscope at 24 h (b). Proliferation of hPDLCs was evaluated by the CCK8 assay at 24 h (c). Transcription of cell cycle-related genes was determined by qPCR at 4 h (d). Scratch-healing model was utilized to determine hPDLC migration capacity at 24 h, and the healed/wounded area ratio was calculated () (e). ALP staining was conducted on cells cultured in the osteogenic medium after 7 days (f). The mRNA of osteogenesis-related genes at 24 h was analyzed by qPCR () (g). Protein expression of ALP, RUNX2, and Col-1 at 72 h was assayed by western blot; the blots were representative of three independent experiments (h). , relative to control; , relative to control.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)