Paracrine Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Angiogenesis

Figure 2

EV-mediated paracrine action of MSCs in angiogenesis. MSCs release EVs that are enriched in angiogenic factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors as well as miRNAs and lipids. Transferring of MSC-derived EV cargo to recipient endothelial cells triggers proangiogenic signaling important to tissue repair. In response to hypoxia, MSCs release EVs with an increased angiogenic potency capable of activating targeted signaling pathways to regulate the expression of angiogenic factors in endothelial cells.