Target cell type Packaging cells Virus Adjuvants Spinoculation conditions Objective Reference Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 293 T cells Lentivirus 10 μ g/ml HDMB and 1000 μ g/ml P338 800 × 90 min RT Optimizing transduction of haematopoietic cells in vitro [22 ] CD3+ T cells 293 T cells Lentivirus 8 μ g/ml HDMB 800 × 90 min 32°C Transducing human T cells [28 ] T follicular helper cells 293 T cells Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) None 1200 × 120 min RT Investigating T follicular helper cells permissivity to HIV ex vivo [26 ] Hematopoietic cells, lymphoid cell lines, and thymocytes 293 T cells Retrovirus or lentivirus 5 μ g/ml HDMB 460 × 60-90 min RT Presenting protocols to transduce lymphoid progenitors with viral vectors [20 ] Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 293 T cells HIV None 1200 × 120 min 30 °C Determining whether medroxyprogesterone acetate increases HIV infection of unstimulated PBMCs [30 ] HBV receptor-complemented HepG2 cell line HepDE19 cells Hepatitis B virus (HBV) 4% PEG-8000 1000 × 60 min RT Establishing an in vitro model of HBV infection [33 ] Lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) MOLT4-CCR5 cells HIV None 1200 × 120 min RT Modelling the interactions of gut LPMCs, HIV-1, and Escherichia coli [32 ] HIV Rev-dependent GFP indicator cell line (Rev-CEM) and primary CD4 T cells HeLa cells HIV None 300-1200 × 2 hours RT, with Rev-CEM cells showing greater enhancement at 600 × and primary CD4 T cells showing greater enhancement at 300 × Examining the response of cortical actin to centrifugal pressure and ensuing effects on HIV-1 infection [23 ] Keratinocytes and fibroblasts Phoenix cells Retrovirus 1-5 μ g/ml HDMB Two spinoculations at 750 × 45 min 24 hours apart Generating induced pluripotent stem cells [29 ]; [21 ] Hepatic cell line Huh7.5.1 Huh7 cells Hepatitis C virus (HCV) None 500-1000 × 30-120 min RT, showing greater enhancement of infection at 1000 × 120 min Investigating the effect of low-speed centrifugation on HCV infection of human hepatocytes [34 ] Transfected CHO-K1 and CHO-745 cells Vero cells Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) None 1200 × 120 min 37°C Examining the dependence of HSV-1 entry receptors on heparan sulfate [31 ] Haematopoietic cells Phoenix cells Retrovirus 0.8 μ g/ml HDMB Two spinoculations of 45 min RT 6 hours apart; repeated 1-4 days depending on cell type Characterizing the efficiency of gene transfer in human haemopoietic cells using the Pinco-Phoenix system [25 ] Feline whole fetus cells (fcwf-4) — Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) grown in fcwf-4 None 400 × 0-180 min RT, with increasing enhancement until 120 min of spinoculation Investigating the effect of centrifugation on the ability of FIPV to infect cells in culture [24 ] NIH-3T3 TK- and HUT 78 cells (human T cell leukemia line) 22 producer cell lines derived from PA317 line Retrovirus 8 μ g/ml HDMB 1600 × 90 min 32°C Optimizing methods of retroviral vector production and transduction [27 ]