Group 1: autologous AT-ISC-MSC+BM-HSC Group 2: allogeneic AT-ISC-MSC+BM-HSC from healthy nondiabetic donors ( each)
Single dose, portal+intrathymus+SC
Group 1: AT-ISC-MSC-/kg Group 2: AT-ISC-MSC-/kg
24
Autologous versus allogeneic: (i) Allogeneic: ↓ insulin requirement up to 6 months and ↓ postprandial blood sugar from months 1-24 (ii) Autologous: ↑ C-peptide from months 15-24 (iii) Allogeneic = autologous: HbA1c, FBG, GAD antibody
BM-MSC versus BM-MNCs versus control group (antidiabetic drugs) ( each)
Single dose, superior pancreatic-duodenal artery
MSCs: /kg MNCs:
12
Insulin and HbA1c in 60% of individuals (BM-MSC and BM-MNC) HOMA indexes Insulin sensitivity index+insulin receptor substrate-1 gene expression in muscle (BM-MSC) Second phase C-peptide response during hyperglycaemic clamp (BM-MNCs)
FBG, hypersensitivity C-reactive protein HbA1c, plasma IL-6 Macular thickness and improvement in best corrected visual acuity (proliferative retinopathy group)