Stem Cells in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: Research Progress of Mechanism

Figure 2

Diagram showing the synaptic junction in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Reprinted with permission from Cohen and Mao [54]. Copyright © 2020, British Medical Journal Publishing Group. AMPA = α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid; BDNF = brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CCL = chemokine (C-C motif) ligand; CC-R2 = CC-chemokine receptor; DAMPs = danger-associated molecular patterns; EPR = prostaglandin E2 sensitive receptor; GABA = γ-aminobutyric acid; Glu = glutamate; IL = interleukin; m-Glu = metabotropic glutamate; NK = neurokinin; NMDA = N-methyl-D-aspartate; PAMPs = pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PG = prostaglandin; -R = receptor; SP = substance P; TLR = toll-like receptor; TNF = tumor necrosis factor; Trk = tyrosine kinase.